Who Gets Missed in the Tail? Thresholded Subgroup Underdiagnosis in Long-Tailed Chest X-ray Classification
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arXiv:2607.07717v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In chest X-ray (CXR) classification, acceptable ranking performance can still leave rare-positive patients below threshold, especially within subgroups. We study this pre-deployment fairness problem as an audit question: after a long-tailed multi-label CXR model is converted from scores into decisions, who is missed? Across VinDr-CXR and MIMIC-CXR/CXR-LT, we use a diagnostic ladder to separate class-level long-tail losses, subgroup-aware…
1Key Takeaways
- arXiv:2607.07717v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In chest X-ray (CXR) classification, acceptable ranking performance can still leave rare-positive patients below threshold, especially within subgroups.
- We study this pre-deployment fairness problem as an audit question: after a long-tailed multi-label CXR model is converted from scores into decisions, who is missed?
- Across VinDr-CXR and MIMIC-CXR/CXR-LT, we use a diagnostic ladder to separate class-level long-tail losses, subgroup-aware….
2AIWedia Score
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3Why it matters
Research breakthroughs often arrive in products months later—early signals matter for strategy. arXiv ML reports that arXiv:2607.07717v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In chest X-ray (CXR) classification, acceptable ranking performance can still leave rare-positive patients below threshold, especially within subgroups.
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